dc.contributor.author	Siddiqui, Samreen
dc.date.accessioned	2015-05-15T16:50:49Z
dc.date.available	2015-05-15T16:50:49Z
dc.date.issued	2015-05
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10428/1926
dc.description.abstract	Increasing use of metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) by various industries has resulted in substantial contributions of NP in aquatic systems. Additionally, ocean acidification (OA) is a growing concern due to its deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. The effects of OA and metal pollution on non-calcifying marine organisms are largely unknown. This research investigated the effects of copper oxide (CuO) NP on the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida, for 21 days. Sea anemones were measured for tissue copper accumulation as well as the activity of the enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and carbonic anhydrase (CA). This study is useful in discerning the differences between CuO NP and dissolved copper exposure to sea anemones, as differences in copper accumulation pattern and enzymatic response were observed. In addition, we examined physiological effects of the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida after exposure to a global stressor, CO2, and a local stressor, Cu, over 7 days. Cu accumulated in E. pallida in a concentration-dependent manner and activities of all anti-oxidant enzymes measured (CAT, GPx, GR) increased, with increasing Cu exposure. However, clear differences in only GR and to some degree GPx activity were observed due to increasing CO2 exposure alone. Interactions between the two independent variables were also observed. Activity of the enzyme, CA, was significantly decreased with increasing Cu and the extent of CA inhibition was lessened with increasing CO2. These results provide insight into toxic mechanisms of CuCl2, CuO NP and CO2 exposure to E. pallida.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	I. COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED COPPER AND COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLE EXPOSURE TO THE SEA ANEMONE, EXAIPTASIA PALLIDA Introduction - 1 \| Material and Methods - 3 \| Results - 7 \| Discussion and Conclusion - 11 \| II. RESPONSES OF THE SEA ANEMONE, EXAIPTASIA PALLIDA, TO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION CONDITIONS AND COPPER EXPOSURE Introduction - 21 \| Material and Methods - 23 \| Results - 27 \| Discussion and Conclusion - 30 \| III. CONCLUSION AND OVERALL IMPLICATIONS - 43 \| REFERENCES - 44 \|	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.subject	biology	en_US
dc.subject	metal oxide nanoparticles	en_US
dc.subject	copper oxide	en_US
dc.subject	Exaiptasia pallida	en_US
dc.subject	Marine Biology	en_US
dc.subject	catalase	en_US
dc.subject	glutathione peroxidase	en_US
dc.subject	carbonic anhydrase	en_US
dc.title	The Effects of Metals and Ocean Acidification on Marine Invertebrates	en_US
dc.type	Thesis	en_US
dc.contributor.department	Department of Biology	en_US
dc.description.advisor	Bielmyer-Fraser, Gretchen K.
dc.description.committee	Grove, Theresa J.
dc.description.committee	Goddard, Russell H.
dc.description.degree	M.S.	en_US
dc.description.major	Biology	en_US