A Comparison of Rewarded Responses versus Nonincentivized Responses Using Clickers as a More Defined Method of Feedback

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dc.contributor.author Earls, Norman F. Jr.
dc.coverage.spatial United States en_US
dc.coverage.temporal 2000-2015 en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2015-05-18T17:46:08Z
dc.date.available 2015-05-18T17:46:08Z
dc.date.issued 2015-05
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10428/1932
dc.description.abstract Audience response systems (ARS), clickers, when used in classrooms are said to improve a myriad of learning outcomes, including engagement, retaining information, student involvement and class attendance. The purpose of this research was to determine if audience response systems improve classroom learning outcomes, as measured by how it measures attendance, pre and post-knowledge, and performance assessments. This study took place in four sections of Introduction to Human Communication, all taught by the same instructor at a comprehensive university in the southeastern United States. A 2 x 2 quasi-experimental design was employed, with three of the classes randomly assigned a condition, and a fourth class randomly assigned as the control group. Students in the three sections with conditions were given questions during the daily class lectures. Of the three sections with a condition, one answered the questions on paper and received points, the second used clickers to answer the questions and received points, and the third used clickers to answer questions and did not receive points. The fourth group, the control group, was not given any questions during the same lecture. For the two classes that received points for correctly answering questions during the lecture, the points available from the questions accounted for .06% of the final grade. The study also looked at student attendance to determine if points given during the lecture for the three conditions resulted in fewer absences. In addition, scores from a pre and post-test, and pre and post-speech, were used to determine if learning was improved equally across the four sections. en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 1 Audience Response System Use…………………………………………….. 1 Purpose of Study…………………………………………………………….. 6 A Brief Look Back…………………………………………………………... 8 Audience Response System Products……………………………………….. 12 Challenges in Selecting an ARS Provider…………………………………... 15 Introduction to the Problem…………………………………………………. 19 Research Questions………………………………………………………….. 19 II. LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………… 22 Audience Response Systems Through The Years…………………………... 22 Audience Response Systems and Learning Theories……………………….. 39 How Clickers Impact Learning……………………………………………… 41 Motivation…………………………………………………………………… 42 III. METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………….. 46 Operational Definitions and Research Design………………………………. 46 Instruments…………………………………………………………………... 47 Participants…………………………………………………………………... 48 Procedure……………………………………………………………………. 49 IV. RESULTS……………………………………………………………………. 49 Demographics……………………………………………………………….. 57 Attendance…………………………………………………………………… 61 Pre and Post Test…………………………………………………………….. 63 Pre and Post Speech…………………………………………………………. 61 Final Course Grades…………………………………………………………. 67 V. DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………... 70 Attendance…………………………………………………………………… 70 Pre and Post Test…………………………………………………………….. 73 Pre and Post Speech…………………………………………………………. 74 Final Course Grades…………………………………………………………. 76 Future Research……………………………………………………………… 76 Implications………………………………………………………………….. 80 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………. 81 APPENDICES Appendix A: Institutional Review Board Protocol Exemption Report……... 91 Appendix B: Consent to Participate in Research…………………………… 93 Appendix C: Opt-Out Email Sent to Students……………………………… 97 Appendix D: Pre-Post Test…………………………………………………. 99 Appendix E: Pre-Post Speech Grading Rubric……………………………... 109 en_US
dc.language.iso en_US en_US
dc.subject Education Leadership en_US
dc.subject audience response systems en_US
dc.subject clickers en_US
dc.subject student engagement en_US
dc.subject audience response systems en_US
dc.subject public speeches en_US
dc.subject audience response effect on attendance en_US
dc.title A Comparison of Rewarded Responses versus Nonincentivized Responses Using Clickers as a More Defined Method of Feedback en_US
dc.type Dissertation en_US
dc.contributor.department Leadership and Technology en_US
dc.description.advisor Hilgon, Larry
dc.description.committee Lowney, Kathleen
dc.description.committee Browne, Blaine
dc.description.committee Siegrist, Gerald
dc.description.degree Ed.D. en_US
dc.description.major Education en_US


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