dc.contributor.author	Carlton, Erich L.
dc.coverage.spatial	United States, New York, New York City	en_US
dc.coverage.temporal	2020	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2020-11-03T15:38:31Z
dc.date.available	2020-11-03T15:38:31Z
dc.date.issued	2020-09
dc.identifier.other	A941D2E4-443E-1EB7-445B-7F2DC4B7B7D2	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10428/4518
dc.description.abstract	The Combined Sewer Systems (CSOs) of New York City, NY are polluting local waterways including the East River, Hudson River, and the Long Island Sound with billions of gallons of sewage annually. Climate change, aging infrastructure and population growth worsen this pollution problem without a plan to remedy the problem. Large-scale and small-scale construction technology exists that eliminate most CSO pollution. Small scale solutions are constructed by retrofitting roofs and hardscapes on individual properties. This study will create physical models of small- scale hardscape and roof retrofits designed to remove or hold rainwater on the property rather than it immediately entering the combined sewer system. The models will be tested with a system that will simulate heavy rainfalls equivalent to a 5-year storm. Additionally, price estimates will be generated to produce generalized costs for the retrofits and costs per gallon to remove or hold the stormwater. If proven to be functional, logistical, and cost effective; legislation could be considered to require all properties to control stormwater locally then release it into the sewer system when commanded by local water authorities. Proposed funding includes an additional charge on water bills, grants, and private public partnerships.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	Chapter I: INTRODUCTION 1 -- New York City Sewer Systems 1 -- Combined Sewer Overflows or Combined Sewer Outfalls (CSOs) 4 -- Combined Sewer Systems History 6 -- Combined Sewer Systems Problems 9 -- Storm Water Solutions 10 -- Retrofit Existing Drainage Systems 10 -- Centralized Tunnel System 10 -- Research to Help Solve CSO Problems 12 -- Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 -- Overview 13 -- Impacts 13 -- Health Impacts 14 -- Aesthetics 19 -- CSO Management 23 -- CSO Overflow Prevention 24 -- Constructed Wetlands 25 -- Underground Storage Tanks 26 -- Sustainable Drainage Systems 27 -- Green Roofs 30 -- Rain Garden and Bioretention Cells 33 -- Stormwater Tree Trench 35 -- Stormwater Bump-outs and Planters 36 -- Blue Roofs 38 -- Porous and Pervious Pavement 39 -- Storm Sidewalks 42 -- Rain Barrel/Cistern 45 -- Actions with Sustainable Solutions 47 -- Chapter III: METHODOLOGY 50 -- Study Description 50 -- Questions for Research 50 -- Hypotheses 51 -- Weather Parameters 51 -- Testing Instruments 54 -- Water Delivery System 54 -- Blue Roof Model 56 -- Permeable Pavers Free Draining and Clay Simulation 57 -- Modified Green Roof 58 -- Mathematical Storage Tank Formula 58 -- Answering the Research Questions 59 -- Cost Calculations 61 -- Estimate Case Studies 63 -- Study Limitations 69 -- Chapter IV: RESULTS 71 -- Overview 71 -- Permeable Pavers Models 72 -- Construction 72 -- Permeable Paver Logistics 78 -- Permeable Paver Cost 79 -- Blue Roof Model 82 -- Construction 82 -- Blue Roof Function 84 -- Blue Roof Costs 86 -- Green Roof Function 88 -- Green Roof Construction 88 -- Green Roof Function 90 -- Green Roof Logistics 92 -- Green Roof Costs 92 -- Overall Cost 94 -- Property Studies in Detail 96 -- Costs per Gallon 97 -- Research Questions Review 98 -- Chapter V: DISCUSSION 101 -- Effectiveness 101 -- CSO Trigger Data 103 -- Storm Volume and Rate 105 -- Technological Coordination 106 -- Paying for the Project 107 -- Additional Considerations 109 -- Excessive Contaminated Soils 110 -- Blue Roof 112 -- Cisterns 112 -- Green Roof 112 -- Maintenance 113 -- Weather Conditions 113 -- Innovation 115 -- Costs per Gallon and the Future 115 -- Further Study 116 -- Grey Water System Technology and Payback 116 -- Costs and Method for Retrofitting City, State, and Interstate Highways 116 -- Costs of Doing Nothing 117 -- NYC Green New Deal 118 -- REFERENCES 120 -- APPENDIX A: IRB Exemption 133 -- APPENDIX B: Estimtes of Case Studies and Street Percentages 133 -- APPENDIX C: Equipment Rates 289 -- APPENDIX D: Material Quotes 298.	en_US
dc.format.extent	1 electronic document, 324 pages.	en_US
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.rights	This dissertation is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, revised in 1976). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of the materials for financial gain with the author's expressed written permissions is not allowed.	en_US
dc.subject	Combined sewer overflows--Planning	en_US
dc.subject	Combined sewer overflows	en_US
dc.subject	Dissertations, Academic--United States	en_US
dc.subject	Drainage	en_US
dc.subject	New York (State)--New York	en_US
dc.subject	Sanitation	en_US
dc.subject	Sewerage	en_US
dc.subject	Storm sewers	en_US
dc.subject	United States--Long Island Sound Region	en_US
dc.title	An Analysis of Localized Drainage Implements for NYC and Other Urban Areas with Combined Sewer Systems	en_US
dc.type	Dissertation	en_US
dc.contributor.department	Department of Political Science In the College of Arts And Sciences	en_US
dc.description.advisor	Merwin, Gerald
dc.description.committee	Kovel, Jacob
dc.description.committee	Martin, Joseph
dc.description.degree	D.P.A.	en_US
dc.description.major	Public Administration	en_US