dc.contributor.author	Singletary, Leander M.
dc.coverage.spatial	United States	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2021-01-13T15:51:06Z
dc.date.available	2021-01-13T15:51:06Z
dc.date.issued	2020-08
dc.identifier.other	2CAA0937-CB33-3E93-47F3-B5ED9BDDAFBE	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10428/4610
dc.description.abstract	The United States Army (U.S. Army) is the oldest and a leading public organization in the U.S. that has challenged racism with attempts to remove many barriers that did not allow for workforce equality and unlimited growth (Moskos & Butler, 1996). Even so, the U.S. Army struggled for years with institutional racism and issues of discrimination. Understanding how systemic racism and acts of racism affect the core of the U.S. Army organization is important in the 21st century and may assist other organizations and leaders in understanding how African Americans experience institutional racism. Many studies on racism and race issues in the U.S. Army use a quantitative lens. Furthermore, most research, books, and news articles center the research on the U.S. Army officer. That presents a gap in the understanding of how racism affects the U.S. Army as a total force. A narrative inquiry using enlisted soldiers with a Critical Race Theory framework adds to the limited research and may fill the gap in understanding institutional racism. Eight participants volunteered for three 90-minute interviews that produce five themes of qualitative data. The themes that emerged were (1) The premilitary racial bubble, (2) In-service game-changers of racism, (3) Post military polarization, (4) The overt and covert nature of racism, (5) Challenging core values. The themes provide a unique voice of color that adds to the knowledge of racism of marginalized voices that were brought forward when narrating through four questions. The questions asked were how the participants experienced racism (1) before, (2) during, and (3) after serving in the understanding about racism? Keyword 1: Critical Race Theory; Keyword 2: Microaggressions; Keyword 3: Enlisted Soldier; Keyword 4: US Army; Keyword 5: Institutional Racism;	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	ABSTRACT i -- Chapter I 1 -- Statement of Problem 4 -- Associated Problems 5 -- Purpose of the Study 7 -- Significance of the Study 7 -- Conceptual Framework 8 -- Critical Race Theory 8 -- Differential racialization 12 -- Microaggressions 13 -- Description of Microaggressions 14 -- Definition of Terms 18 -- Conclusion 20 -- Chapter II 22 -- Introduction 22 -- The African American Experience 24 -- African American Enlisted Soldier’s Identity 29 -- Military Service 31 -- Major Historical Patterns 33 -- WWII 33 -- During the service 35 -- After Military Service 36 -- Korean War 37 -- The Vietnam War 39 -- Transitioning 40 -- Post-Vietnam through Iraq to the present 42 -- Conclusion 45 -- Chapter III 47 -- Introduction 47 -- Population and Sample 49 -- Sample Size 50 -- Accessible Participants 50 -- Selection Procedures 51 -- Data Collection 52 -- Collection Method 52 -- Data Analysis Procedures 53 -- Validity 55 -- Research Questions 58 -- Ethical Issues 59 -- Personal Identity 59 -- Introduction 69 -- The Re-stories 71 -- Melinda: “We don’t take care of each other” 71 -- Mike “We got our work cut out” 80 -- Tammy “I didn’t feel racism” 91 -- Kelvin “Racism was understood” 98 -- Anthony “The right way” 106 -- Martin “Re-think my position” 113 -- Craig “I don’t see racism” 122 -- Katie: “Integrity is everything” 131 -- Summary 136 -- Chapter V 137 -- Introduction 137 -- Premilitary Cultural Bubble 139 -- Female Head of Household 140 -- Searching for a Protector 141 -- Avoiding the discussion 142 -- Eviction & Homelessness 143 -- Polarized Schools 145 -- Crime 147 -- In-service Game Changers of Racism 148 -- Basic and Advanced Preprograming 148 -- Sameness 149 -- Permanent Party Politics 150 -- The Strength of the White Pyramid (White over Black Serves a Purpose) 151 -- Military Social Political Domination 153 -- The Color of Equality 154 -- Post Military Polarization 155 -- Socio-Economic Forced decisions 156 -- The Overt and Covert Nature of Racism 161 -- Life structure 162 -- The Big Challenge to Racism (Challenging Core Values) 165 -- Summary 167 -- Chapter VI 169 -- Introduction 169 -- Summary of Findings 170 -- The Pre-Military Racial Bubble 171 -- In-service Game Changers 173 -- Post Military Polarization 176 -- The Overt and Covert Nature of Racism 177 -- Challenging Core Values 178 -- Implications for Leaders 179 -- Limitations 181 -- Recommendations for Further Research 183 -- Conclusion 185 -- REFERENCES 188 -- APPENDIX A 199 -- Research Question Matrix 200 -- APPENDIX B 205 -- Participant Interview Timeline 205 -- APPENDIX C: 207 -- Six Part Labovian Model 207 -- APPENDEX D 209 -- Participants’ Pseudonyms and Demographics 209 -- APPENDEX E 211 -- Participants Perceptions on Racism 211 -- APPENDIX F 214 -- Permission to Conduct Study 214 -- APPENDIX G 216 -- Participant Consent Statement 216 -- APPENDIX H 219 -- Institutional Review Board Approval Letter 219	en_US
dc.format.extent	1 electronic document, 233 pages	en_US
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.rights	This dissertation is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, revised in 1976). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of the materials for financial gain with the author's expressed written permissions is not allowed.	en_US
dc.subject	Dissertations, Academic--United States	en_US
dc.subject	Microaggressions	en_US
dc.subject	Race discrimination	en_US
dc.subject	Racism in the workplace	en_US
dc.subject	Racism	en_US
dc.subject	Soldiers	en_US
dc.subject	United States. Army	en_US
dc.title	A Narrative Inquiry of Recently Separated African American Army Enlisted Soldier's Experiences on Racism	en_US
dc.type	Dissertation	en_US
dc.contributor.department	Department of Curriculum, Leadership, and Technology of the Dewar College of Education and Human Service	en_US
dc.description.advisor	Archibald, James G.
dc.description.committee	Workman, Jamie
dc.description.committee	Dees, Dianne C.
dc.description.degree	Ed.D.	en_US
dc.description.major	Education in Leadership	en_US