dc.contributor.author	Stafford, Patti Griffith
dc.coverage.spatial	France; United States	en_US
dc.coverage.temporal	1865-1898	en_US
dc.date.accessioned	2021-06-14T18:01:29Z
dc.date.available	2021-06-14T18:01:29Z
dc.date.issued	2011-07
dc.identifier.other	782A826D-6697-D59C-4526-E559AA8131A2	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	https://hdl.handle.net/10428/4791
dc.description.abstract	For centuries, stained-glass windows have figured prominently in the public sphere as a powerful means of visual persuasion. Even with the growing interest in visual rhetoric, no researcher has examined thoroughly the use of stained-glass windows to change beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and behavior in postbellum America, despite their use in almost every significant ecclesiastical building in our nation, as well as in many esteemed public and academic institutions. Recognizing the sway of non-discursive meaning and visual culture and using all of the available means of persuasion at their disposal, ecclesiastics and lay members created interior spaces that would perform cultural work beyond their lifetimes. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to demonstrate the rhetorical situation of Gothic and postbellum stained-glass windows applying the model theorized by rhetorical scholar, Lloyd Bitzer. I provide photographic evidence of these great works of art which “batter against the boundaries of their own culture” and serve to reinforce cultural stereotypes in their figural representations (Greenblatt 440). In examining the windows of two Gothic churches, at St.-Denis and Chartres, France, as well as those of St. Paul’s Episcopal Church in Richmond, Virginia, I consider the constituents of Bitzer’s model - exigence, audience, and constraints - to explore the rhetorical situation of postbellum stained-glass windows. For the church of late nineteenth-century America, stained-glass windows are a site of contestation, visual reminders of the troubled relationship between races, gender, and post-Reconstruction North and South.	en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents	INTRODUCTION 1 -- II THE GOTHIC RHETORICAL SITUATION 8 -- St Denis Monastery: Exigence, Audience, and Constraints 11 -- Summary of the Rhetorical Situation at St -Denis 19 -- Chartres Cathedral: Exigence, Audience, and Constraints 19 -- Summary of the Rhetorical Situation at Chartres Cathedral 30 -- III THE POSTBELLUM RHETORICAL SITUATION 33 -- The Memorial Windows of St Paul’s Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia: Exigence, Audience, and Constraints 36 -- A New Rhetorical Climate in Virginia 50 -- A Stained-Glass Window Dedication as Identity Construction: Use of Modem Rhetoric 53 -- Association: Scottish Common Sense Realism’s Postbellum -- Rhetorical Influence 56 -- The Postbellum Othering of the Other 59 -- The Woman Question and Stained-glass Windows in Richmond 66 -- Summary of the Rhetorical Situation at St Paul’s Episcopal, Richmond 74 -- IV CONCLUSION 76 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY 84	en_US
dc.format.extent	1 electronic document (PDF/A), 99 pages	en_US
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.rights	This dissertation is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, revised in 1976). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of the materials for financial gain with the author's expressed written permissions is not allowed.	en_US
dc.subject	Academic theses	en_US
dc.subject	Stained glass windows	en_US
dc.subject	United States--History--1865-1898	en_US
dc.subject	Bitzer, Lloyd F.	en_US
dc.subject	St. Paul's Church (Richmond, Va.)	en_US
dc.subject	Église abbatiale de Saint-Denis (Saint-Denis, France)	en_US
dc.subject	Cathédrale de Chartres	en_US
dc.title	Stained-Glass Windows in Postbellum America: the Rhetorical Situation	en_US
dc.type	Thesis	en_US
dc.contributor.department	Department of English of the College of Arts and Sciences	en_US
dc.description.advisor	Smith, Robert M.
dc.description.committee	Campbell, J. Lee
dc.description.committee	Oglesby, Catherine
dc.description.degree	M.A.	en_US
dc.description.major	English	en_US