English colonization impacted the development of Native American religious practices and beliefs in the Puritan missions of seventeenth century New England. However, Native American spirituality and worldview also played an important role in how Algonquians interpreted Puritanism and correspondingly engaged with the Christian missionaries. The purpose of this study is to explore the motives and beliefs of Indigenous peoples in the New England missions from their own contextual worldview. Early colonial efforts in the 1620s and 1630s were understood by Algonquian groups in relation to their cosmological perspective. Devastating European diseases, unprecedented warfare, and foreign invaders were perceived as cultural and sacred breakdowns between Native peoples and other-than-human persons pervading their world. Spiritual power permeated the Algonquian landscape in connection to other-than-human beings. Moreover, the English settlers showcased resilient association with otherworldly beings and demonstrated potent forms of spiritual power, which led to Indigenous intrigue and fear of English spirituality. During the first missionizing efforts of the 1640s, Algonquian peoples connected their cultural ideas of the spiritual world with the English religion. Native leaders, such as the Nipmuck sachem Waban, the Massachusett sachem Cutshamekin, and the Penacook sachem Passaconaway, responded to environmental calamities and missionizing efforts in differing ways based on their cosmological understandings of English power in their rapidly changing context.